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Lingguizhugan Decoction, a Chinese herbal formula, improves insulin resistance in overweight/obese subjectswith non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a translational approach

《医学前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第5期页码 745-759 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0880-3

摘要： Lingguizhugan Decoction (LGZG) has been investigated in basic studies, with satisfactory effects on insulin resistance in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This translational approach aimed to explore the effect and underlying mechanism of LGZG in clinical setting. A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial was performed. A total of 243 eligible participants with NAFLD were equally allocated to receive LGZG (two groups: standard dose and low dose) or placebo for 12 weeks on the basis of lifestyle modifications. The primary efficacy variable was homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Analyses were performed in two populations in accordance with body mass index (BMI; overweight/obese, BMI ≥ 24 kg/m²; lean, BMI < 24 kg/m ²). For overweight/obese participants, low-dose LGZG significantly decreased their HOMA-IR level compared with placebo (−0.19 (1.47) versus 0.08 (1.99),P = 0.038). For lean subjects, neither dose of LGZG showed a superior effect compared with placebo. Methylated DNA immunoprecipitation sequencing and real-time qPCR found that the DNA N6-methyladenine modification levels of protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3A (PPP1R3A) and autophagy related 3 (ATG3) significantly increased after LGZG intervention in overweight/obese population. Low-dose LGZG effectively improved insulin resistance in overweight/obese subjects with NAFLD. The underlying mechanism may be related to the regulation of DNA N6-methyladenine modification of PPP1R3A and ATG3. Lean subjects may not be a targeted population for LGZG.

关键词： insulin resistance non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Chinese herbal medicine randomized controlled trial DNA N6-methyladenine modification

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Transgenic technologies in cassava for nutritional improvement and viral disease resistance: a key strategy

Maliwan NACONSIE,Peng ZHANG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第3卷第4期页码 285-294 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016119

摘要： As a major staple food source in Africa and other tropical developing countries, cassava ( ) provides basic sustenance for many subsistence farmers. However, cassava roots mainly accumulate starch with limited contribution of other nutrients such as proteins and vitamins. Also, two viral diseases, cassava mosaic disease (CMD) and cassava brown streak disease (CBSD), cause great losses in cassava production in sub-Saharan Africa and the Indian sub-continent. Genetic engineering provides promising approaches to improve nutritional value and increase resistance to viral diseases in cassava. This report presents several successful case studies on engineering protein content by overexpression of nutritious storage proteins and improving cassava resistance to viral diseases by RNA interference. Perspectives on the sustainable acquisition of new knowledge and development of biotechnology to solve these bottlenecks are discussed.

关键词： Manihot esculenta protein enhancement RNA interference transgenesis virus resistance

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Molecular mechanisms of fatty liver in obesity

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第3期页码 275-287 doi: 10.1007/s11684-015-0410-2

摘要：

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) covers a spectrum of liver disorders ranging from simple steatosis to advanced pathologies, including nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and cirrhosis. NAFLD significantly contributes to morbidity and mortality in developed societies. Insulin resistance associated with central obesity is the major cause of hepatic steatosis, which is characterized by excessive accumulation of triglyceride-rich lipid droplets in the liver. Accumulating evidence supports that dysregulation of adipose lipolysis and liver de novo lipogenesis (DNL) plays a key role in driving hepatic steatosis. In this work, we reviewed the molecular mechanisms responsible for enhanced adipose lipolysis and increased hepatic DNL that lead to hepatic lipid accumulation in the context of obesity. Delineation of these mechanisms holds promise for developing novel avenues against NAFLD.

关键词： nonalcoholic fatty liver disease insulin resistance obesity

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Mechanistic and therapeutic advances in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by targeting the gut microbiota

Ruiting Han, Junli Ma, Houkai Li

《医学前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第6期页码 645-657 doi: 10.1007/s11684-018-0645-9

摘要： Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common metabolic diseases currently in the context of obesity worldwide, which contains a spectrum of chronic liver diseases, including hepatic steatosis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and hepatic carcinoma. In addition to the classical “Two-hit” theory, NAFLD has been recognized as a typical gut microbiota-related disease because of the intricate role of gut microbiota in maintaining human health and disease formation. Moreover, gut microbiota is even regarded as a “metabolic organ” that play complementary roles to that of liver in many aspects. The mechanisms underlying gut microbiota-mediated development of NAFLD include modulation of host energy metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and bile acid and choline metabolism. As a result, gut microbiota have been emerging as a novel therapeutic target for NAFLD by manipulating it in various ways, including probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, antibiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and herbal components. In this review, we summarized the most recent advances in gut microbiota-mediated mechanisms, as well as gut microbiota-targeted therapies on NAFLD.

关键词： gut microbiota NAFLD obesity insulin resistance bile acids probiotic

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作物的抗病性工程——以胼胝质乳突作为潜在研究对象

Geoffrey B. Fincher

《工程（英文）》 2020年第6卷第5期页码 505-508 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.03.012

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Xiao Ke Qing improves glycometabolism and ameliorates insulin resistance by regulating the PI3K/Akt pathway

Xiaoqing Li, Xinxin Li, Genbei Wang, Yan Xu, Yuanyuan Wang, Ruijia Hao, Xiaohui Ma

《医学前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第6期页码 688-696 doi: 10.1007/s11684-018-0662-8

摘要：

Xiao Ke Qing (XKQ) granule has been clinically used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) for 10 years in Chinese traditional medication. However, its mechanisms against hyperglycemia remain poorly understood. This study aims to investigate XKQ mechanisms on diabetes and diabetic liver disease by using the KKAy mice model. Our results indicate that XKQ can significantly reduce food and water intake. XKQ treatment also remarkably decreases both the fasting blood glucose and blood glucose in the oral glucose tolerance test. Additionally, XKQ can significantly decrease the serum alanine aminotransferase level and liver index and can alleviate the fat degeneration in liver tissues. Moreover, XKQ can ameliorate insulin resistance and upregulate the expression of IRS-1, PI3K (p85), p-Akt, and GLUT4 in the skeletal muscle of KKAy mice. XKQ is an effective drug for T2DM by ameliorating insulin resistance and regulating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in the skeletal muscle.

关键词： XKQ type 2 diabetes mellitus KKAy mice PI3K/Akt pathway diabetic liver disease

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六倍体合成小麦——过去、现在与未来 Review

李爱丽,刘登才,杨武云,Masahiro Kishii,毛龙

《工程（英文）》 2018年第4卷第4期页码 552-558 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.07.001

摘要：

近年来，小麦单产产量已经达到了平台期。随着世界人口的增加，人们对未来粮食安全的担忧与日俱增。六倍体人工合成小麦（SHW）能够将野生近缘种的重要农艺性状转移到栽培小麦，为现代小麦育种提供产量潜力、抗旱性、抗病性和养分高效利用的新资源，从而在现代小麦育种中越来越受到重视。本文综述了SHW 产生、研究和利用的现状，特别介绍了其对小麦育种的贡献。同时，简要介绍了基于基因组研究合成小麦生长优势分子机制的新进展。对于利用SHW 改良现代小麦品种的分子机制的了解，将进一步促进SHW 的利用，为满足世界粮食安全发挥重要作用。

关键词：合成小麦小麦多倍化抗病性抗逆性产量

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Prevalence of antifolate drug resistance markers in in China

《医学前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第1期页码 83-92 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0894-x

摘要： The dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) and dihydropteroate synthetase (dhps) genes of Plasmodium vivax and antifolate resistance-associated genes were used for drug resistance surveillance. A total of 375 P. vivax isolates collected from different geographical locations in China in 2009–2019 were used to sequence Pvdhfr and Pvdhps. The majority of the isolates harbored a mutant type allele for Pvdhfr (94.5%) and Pvdhps (68.2%). The most predominant point mutations were S117T/N (77.7%) in Pvdhfr and A383G (66.8%) in Pvdhps. Amino acid changes were identified at nine residues in Pvdhfr. A quadruple-mutant haplotype at 57, 58, 61, and 117 was the most frequent (57.4%) among 16 distinct Pvdhfr haplotypes. Mutations in Pvdhps were detected at six codons, and the double-mutant A383G/A553G was the most prevalent (39.3%). Pvdhfr exhibited a higher mutation prevalence and greater diversity than Pvdhps in China. Most isolates from Yunnan carried multiple mutant haplotypes, while the majority of samples from temperate regions and Hainan Island harbored the wild type or single mutant type. This study indicated that the antifolate resistance levels of P. vivax parasites were different across China and molecular markers could be used to rapidly monitor drug resistance. Results provided evidence for updating national drug policy and treatment guidelines.

关键词： drug resistance antifolates molecular markers Plasmodium vivax China

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Metagenomic analysis on resistance genes in water and microplastics from a mariculture system

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第1期页码 4-4 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1438-y

摘要：

Microplastics existing widely in different matrices have been regarded as a reservoir for emerging contaminants. Mariculture systems have been observed to host microplastics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). However, more information on proliferation of ARGs and metal resistance genes (MRGs) in mariculture system at the presence of microplastics is needed.

关键词： Antibiotic resistance genes Metal resistance genes Metagenomic analysis Microplastics Mariculture

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et’s disease in a Chinese population

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第4期页码 354-359 doi: 10.1007/s11684-012-0234-2

摘要：

Beh?et’s disease is defined as a multisystemic inflammatory disease. Although the precise pathogenesis and etiology is still a mystery, accumulating evidence shows that genetic variants of immune-related genes have a profound influence on the development of Beh?et’s disease. To explore the genetic factors for Beh?et’s disease, our group investigated the association of Beh?et’s disease with multiple immune response genes and has identified multiple Beh?et’s disease-related immunoregulatory pathways in the Chinese Han population. A large number of gene polymorphisms were studied including STAT4, IL23R, CD40, CCR1/CCR3, STAT3, OPN, IL17, JAK2, MCP-1, CTLA4, PD-1, PD-L1, PD-L2, TGRBR3, CCR6, PTPN22, FCRL3, IRF5, SUMO4 and UBAC2. Significant associations were found between Beh?et’s disease and STAT4, IL23R, CD40, CCR1/CCR3, STAT3, MCP-1, TGFBR3, FCRL3, SUMO4, UBAC2. These genetic predisposition studies support an important role for both lymphocyte differentiation as well as ubiquitination pathways. These findings are helpful in elucidating the pathogenesis of Beh?et’s disease and hopefully will allow the development of novel treatment regimes.

关键词： Beh?et’s disease SNPs immune gene genetic study

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Heterogeneity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: from phenotype to genotype

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第4期页码 425-432 doi: 10.1007/s11684-013-0295-x

摘要：

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality throughout the world and is mainly characterized by persistent airflow limitation. Given that multiple systems other than the lung can be impaired in COPD patients, the traditional FEV₁/FVC ratio shows many limitations in COPD diagnosis and assessment. Certain heterogeneities are found in terms of clinical manifestations, physiology, imaging findings, and inflammatory reactions in COPD patients; thus, phenotyping can provide effective information for the prognosis and treatment. However, phenotypes are often based on symptoms or pathophysiological impairments in late-stage COPD, and the role of phenotypes in COPD prevention and early diagnosis remains unclear. This shortcoming may be overcome by the potential genotypes defined by the heterogeneities in certain genes. This review briefly describes the heterogeneity of COPD, with focus on recent advances in the correlations between genotypes and phenotypes. The potential roles of these genotypes and phenotypes in the molecular mechanisms and management of COPD are also elucidated.

关键词： chronic obstructive pulmonary disease heterogeneity phenotype genotype prediction

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Acupuncture for the management of dry eye disease

《医学前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第6期页码 975-983 doi: 10.1007/s11684-022-0923-4

摘要： The effectiveness of using acupuncture for dry eye disease (DED) is controversial. Thus, this systematic review investigated the effectiveness and feasibility of using acupuncture for DED in accordance with the 2020 PRISMA statement. The outcomes of interests were (1) to evaluate the efficacy of acupuncture in improving the ocular surface disease index (OSDI), Schirmer I test score, and tear breakup time from baseline to the last follow-up; (2) to determine possible complications of using acupuncture; and (3) to investigate the superiority of acupuncture over other commonly used treatments for DED. Data from 394 patients were collected. Results showed that acupuncture significantly prolonged the tear breakup time (P < 0.0001), significantly increased the Schirmer I test score ( P < 0.0001), and significantly reduced the OSDI ( P < 0.0001) from baseline to the last follow-up. Compared with the control group, the acupuncture group had significantly greater Schirmer I test score ( P < 0.0001), significantly longer tear breakup time ( P = 0.0004), and significantly lower OSDI (P = 0.002). These results suggest that acupuncture is effective and feasible in improving symptoms and signs of DED. No severe adverse effects of acupuncture were observed.

关键词： dry eye disease xerophthalmus acupuncture

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Exploration of Strategies for Chronic Disease Prevention and Control and Relevant System Development

Long-de Wang

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2015年第2卷第1期页码 2-12 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2015002

摘要： Chronic non-communicable diseases have become a major threat to humanity. International studies have shown that of 57 million deaths worldwide in 2008, 36 million (63%) were caused by chronic non-communicable diseases; of these, 29 million (80%) occurred in low and middle income countries. The WHO predicts that if the current trend continues, the annual number of deaths due to chronic non-communicable diseases will increase to 55 million by 2030. Due to acceleration of industrialization and urbanization, along with population aging and rapid changes of people’s lifestyle, the morbidity and mortality from chronic diseases are rapidly increasing in China. Therefore, dealing with the prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases has become one of the current major health issues for China to address. On the basis of summarizing the status of major chronic diseases in China, analyzing the key issues and key factors in chronic disease prevention and control, and reviewing and summarizing the experience from the previous projects, this paper proposes the following recommendations as strategies for chronic disease prevention and control and development of relevant system, which China should adopt. All relevant government departments should formulate corresponding policies; establish a coordinated and efficient work system with rational structure and clear division of tasks and responsibilities within the system. Implementation and development of “integrated medicine” in system is necessary. Work norms and requirements will then improve the performance and efficiency in chronic disease prevention and control in China.

关键词： chronic disease prevention and control strategy and system construction

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Taking advantage of drug resistance, a new approach in the war on cancer

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第4期页码 490-495 doi: 10.1007/s11684-018-0647-7

摘要：

Identification of the driver mutations in cancer has resulted in the development of a new category of molecularly targeted anti-cancer drugs. However, as was the case with conventional chemotherapies, the effectiveness of these drugs is limited by the emergence of drug-resistant variants. While most cancer therapies are given in combinations that are designed to avoid drug resistance, we discuss here therapeutic approaches that take advantage of the changes in cancer cells that arise upon development of drug resistance. This approach is based on notion that drug resistance comes at a fitness cost to the cancer cell that can be exploited for therapeutic benefit. We discuss the development of sequential drug therapies in which the first therapy is not given with curative intent, but to induce a major new sensitivity that can be targeted with a second drug that selectively targets the acquired vulnerability. This concept of collateral sensitivity has hitherto not been used on a large scale in the clinic and holds great promise for future cancer therapy.

关键词： cancer drug resistance genetic screens senescence targeted therapy

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Astrocytes in depression and Alzheimer’s disease

《医学前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第6期页码 829-841 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0875-0

摘要： Astrocytes are an abundant subgroup of cells in the central nervous system (CNS) that play a critical role in controlling neuronal circuits involved in emotion, learning, and memory. In clinical cases, multiple chronic brain diseases may cause psychosocial and cognitive impairment, such as depression and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). For years, complex pathological conditions driven by depression and AD have been widely perceived to contribute to a high risk of disability, resulting in gradual loss of self-care ability, lower life qualities, and vast burden on human society. Interestingly, correlational research on depression and AD has shown that depression might be a prodrome of progressive degenerative neurological disease. As a kind of multifunctional glial cell in the CNS, astrocytes maintain physiological function via supporting neuronal cells, modulating pathologic niche, and regulating energy metabolism. Mounting evidence has shown that astrocytic dysfunction is involved in the progression of depression and AD. We herein review the current findings on the roles and mechanisms of astrocytes in the development of depression and AD, with an implication of potential therapeutic avenue for these diseases by targeting astrocytes.

关键词： astrocytes depression Alzheimer’s disease roles mechanisms

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标题作者时间类型操作

Lingguizhugan Decoction, a Chinese herbal formula, improves insulin resistance in overweight/obese subjectswith non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a translational approach

期刊论文

Transgenic technologies in cassava for nutritional improvement and viral disease resistance: a key strategy

Maliwan NACONSIE,Peng ZHANG

期刊论文

Molecular mechanisms of fatty liver in obesity

null

期刊论文

Mechanistic and therapeutic advances in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by targeting the gut microbiota

Ruiting Han, Junli Ma, Houkai Li

期刊论文

作物的抗病性工程——以胼胝质乳突作为潜在研究对象

Geoffrey B. Fincher